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当前位置：现代生物技术研究 > 2026年 4卷 (1)期

Open Access Article

Journal of Modern Biotechnology Research. 2026; 4: (1) ; 1-10 ; DOI: 10.12208/j.jmbr.20260001.

Advances in the application of organoid-on-chip technology in solid tumor research
类器官芯片在实体瘤研究中的应用进展

作者： 钟林珂, 冯唐 *

四川大学华西医院生物治疗科四川成都;

*通讯作者：冯唐,单位：四川大学华西医院生物治疗科四川成都；

国家自然科学基金（项目编号：No. 32401087）

发布时间: 2026-06-30 总浏览量: 122

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摘要

实体瘤是由肿瘤细胞、基质细胞、免疫成分、血管网络及细胞外基质共同参与的动态体系。如何在体外模型中更真实地重建这一复杂过程，是实体瘤基础研究、药物筛选和个体化治疗评估面临的重要问题。类器官，是一种能够保留患者来源肿瘤的部分组织结构、遗传特征和异质性的3D培养体系，为实体瘤研究提供了较传统二维培养更接近体内状态的模型。然而，单纯类器官体系仍难以充分模拟体内持续流动的营养交换、力学刺激、血管灌注以及免疫细胞参与的微环境调控过程，这也限制了其在肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移和治疗反应研究中的解释力。微流控芯片技术为类器官模型提供了更加可控和动态的培养环境。类器官芯片通过整合微尺度流体控制、多细胞共培养、组织界面构建和实时检测等功能，使研究者能够在更接近生理状态的条件下观察肿瘤细胞与微环境之间的相互作用。近年来，该技术已逐渐应用于肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌及胰腺癌等多种实体瘤研究，在疾病建模、药物敏感性检测、转移过程模拟和个体化治疗预测方面显示出较大潜力。本文围绕类器官芯片的构建基础、关键技术和实体瘤研究应用进行综述，并进一步分析其在模型稳定性、血管化与免疫系统整合、检测标准化及临床转化方面仍需解决的问题。

关键词： 类器官芯片；实体瘤；三维建模；微流控技术；肿瘤微环境；个体化医疗

Abstract

Solid tumors are evolving tissue ecosystems shaped by tumor cells, stromal components, immune cells, vascular structures, extracellular matrix, and physical cues. This biological complexity has exposed the limitations of conventional in vitro models and has created a growing need for experimental systems that can better capture the dynamic nature of tumor development and therapeutic response. Organoids have substantially improved tumor modeling because they preserve, at least in part, the architecture, genetic features, and heterogeneity of patient-derived tissues. Nevertheless, organoids cultured under conventional static conditions remain incomplete representations of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In particular, they often lack controlled fluid flow, vascular perfusion, immune participation, mechanical stimulation, and spatially organized tissue interfaces, all of which are essential for understanding tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. The integration of organoids with microfluidic chip technology offers a practical way to address some of these limitations. Organoid-on-chip platforms allow precise regulation of fluid transport, multicellular co-culture, biochemical gradients, tissue–tissue interfaces, and real-time monitoring within a miniaturized and controllable system. These features make them especially valuable for investigating tumor–microenvironment interactions, evaluating drug sensitivity, modeling metastatic processes, and supporting patient-specific therapeutic assessment. In recent years, organoid-on-chip systems have been applied to a range of solid tumors, including lung, liver, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers, where they have provided more physiologically relevant platforms for both mechanistic studies and translational research. In this review, we discuss the design principles, technical components, and major applications of organoid-on-chip platforms in solid tumor research. We also examine key barriers that continue to restrict their broader use, including reproducibility, long-term culture stability, vascular and immune integration, readout standardization, scalability, and clinical validation. Rather than considering organoid-on-chip systems as a simple extension of conventional organoid culture, we argue that they represent an important step toward dynamic reconstruction of tumor biology in vitro and may become a useful bridge between experimental cancer models and individualized treatment decision-making.

Key words： Organoid-on-chip; Solid tumor; 3D modeling; Microfluidics; Tumor microenvironment; Personalized medicine

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引用本文

钟林珂, 冯唐, 类器官芯片在实体瘤研究中的应用进展[J]. 现代生物技术研究, 2026; 4: (1) : 1-10.

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